Skip to main content
  • Research Article
  • Open access
  • Published:

Design and Characterization of a 5.2 GHz/2.4 GHz Fractional- Frequency Synthesizer for Low-Phase Noise Performance

Abstract

This paper presents a complete noise analysis of a-based fractional- phase-locked loop (PLL) based frequency synthesizer. Rigorous analytical and empirical formulas have been given to model various phase noise sources and spurious components and to predict their impact on the overall synthesizer noise performance. These formulas have been applied to an integrated multiband WLAN frequency synthesizer RFIC to demonstrate noise minimization through judicious choice of loop parameters. Finally, predicted and measured phase jitter showed good agreement. For an LO frequency of 4.3 GHz, predicted and measured phase noise was rms and rms, respectively.

[1234567891011121314]

References

  1. Riley TA, Copeland M, Kwasniewski T:Delta-sigma modulation in fractional- frequency synthesis. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 1993,28(5):553-559. 10.1109/4.229400

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Wells JN: Frequency Synthesizers. United States Patent, no. 4609881, September, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  3. Miller B, Conley B: A multiple modulator fractional divider. Proceedings of the 44th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control, May 1990, Baltimore, Md, USA 559-568.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  4. Muer B, Steyaert MSJ:A CMOS monolithic -controlled fractional- frequency synthesizer for DCS-1800. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 2002,37(7):835-844. 10.1109/JSSC.2002.1015680

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Leeson DB: A simple model of feedback oscillator noise spectrum. Proceedings of IEEE 1966,54(2):329-330.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Rogers JWM, Plett C: Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design. Artech House, Norwood, Mass, USA; 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Watanabe Y, Okabayashi T, Goka S, Sekimoto H: Phase noise measurements in dual-mode SC-cut crystal oscillators. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control 2000,47(2):374-378. 10.1109/58.827423

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Kroupa VF: Jitter and phase noise in frequency dividers. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 2001,50(5):1241-1243. 10.1109/19.963191

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Kroupa VF: Noise properties of PLL systems. IEEE Transactions on Communications 1982,30(10):2244-2252. 10.1109/TCOM.1982.1095404

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Egan WF: Frequency Synthesis by Phase Lock. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, USA; 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Rogers JWM, Dai FF, Cavin MS, Rahn DG:A multiband fractional- frequency synthesizer for a MIMO WLAN transceiver RFIC. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 2005,40(3):678-689.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Zargari M, Jen S, Kaczynski B, et al.: A single-chip dual-band tri-mode CMOS transceiver for IEEE 802.11a/b/g WLAN. Proceedings of IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC '04), February 2004, San Francisco, Calif, USA 1: 96-515.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Bouras J, Bouras S, Georgantas T, et al.:A digitally calibrated 5.15-5.825GHz transceiver for 802.11a wireless LANs in 0.18m CMOS. Proceedings of IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC '03), February 2003, San Francisco, Calif, USA 1: 352-498.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Zhang P, Nguyen T, Lam C, et al.: A direct conversion CMOS transceiver for IEEE 802.11a WLANs. Proceedings of IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC '03), February 2003, San Francisco, Calif, USA 1: 354-498.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to John WM Rogers.

Rights and permissions

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Rogers, J.W., Dai, F.F., Plett, C. et al. Design and Characterization of a 5.2 GHz/2.4 GHz Fractional- Frequency Synthesizer for Low-Phase Noise Performance. J Wireless Com Network 2006, 048489 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1155/WCN/2006/48489

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/WCN/2006/48489

Keywords