Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Sound speed profile (SSP) | Coppens equation [58] |
Depth of shallow water | less than 100m |
Temperature (shallow) | 22 °C |
Salinity (shallow) | 35 parts per thousand |
Depth of deep water | Between 500 and 1000 m |
Temperature (deep) | 15–12 °C |
Salinity (deep) | 35 parts per thousand |
Constant b in Eq. (8) | 14 dB |
Constant β in Eq. (8) | 0.5 dB/km |
Operating frequency range | 10 to 15 kHz |
Bandwidth efficiency (α) | 1 bps/Hz |
Attenuation model | |
Spreading coefficient | 1 for shallow and 2 for deep water |
Multipath fading type | Rayleigh or Rician |