Figure 8From: Frequency tracking by method of least squares combined with channel estimation for OFDM over mobile wireless channels16-QAM SER versus total average SNR γ ¯ for various algorithms. The OFDM system employs two consecutive identical symbol blocks for frequency tracking and channel estimation for the same bandwidth efficiency. δ = 0.2. Also included is the ideal system 16-QAM SER with perfect frequency synchronization and channel estimation.Back to article page