Figure 5

Energy efficiency of TWRT with different circuit powers. Energy efficiency of TWRT with different circuit powers: the attenuation factor α = 4, circuit power consumptions at each node are identical, i.e., $P_a^{ct}=P_b^{ct}=P_r^{ct}\triangleq P^{ct},P_a^{cr}=P_b^{cr}=P_r^{cr}\triangleq P^{cr}$ and $P_a^{ci}=P_b^{ci}=P_r^{ci}\triangleq P^{ci}$. In the lowest curve, the system transmits with entire duration without optimizing the transmission time, and thus there is no idle duration. In all other curves, the system transmits with the optimized transmission time.