Table 1 Simulation parameters

Network area

1000 × 1000 m²

Node number

50

Node speed

5–15 m/s

Node number per group

10

Pause time

20 s

Group number

5

Interface queue

50 packets

Group radius

50/150 m

G _min

5

T _gs

100%

Packet payload

512 bytes

Simulation time

5000 s

Radio transmission range

100 m

Carrier sensing range

300 m

MAC

IEEE 802.11

Data transmission rate

2 Mb/s

Radio propagation model

Two-ray ground model

Packet lifetime in DSR buffer

200 s