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Table 2 Values of the steps of LMS ( λ ) and PLL ( ρ ) for different scenarios

From: Performance of the modulation diversity technique for κ-μ fading channels

Scenario 1 (κ=0. 1,μ=0. 5)

100 Hz

200 Hz

M=4

θ=0.0 °

λ

0.5

0.5

  

ρ

0.5

0.5

 

θ=29.2 °

λ

0.25

0.25

  

ρ

0.25

0.45

M=16

θ=0.0 °

λ

0.35

0.5

  

ρ

0.3

0.5

 

θ=10.7 °

λ

0.5

0.6

  

ρ

0.35

0.5

 Scenario 2 (κ=1.5, μ=2.0)

100 Hz

200 Hz

M=4

θ=0.0 °

λ

0.85

0.5

  

ρ

0.3

0.8

 

θ=41.0 °

λ

0.1

0.2

  

ρ

0.25

0.45

M=16

θ=0.0 °

λ

0.1

0.2

  

ρ

0.7

0.8

 

θ=35.1 °

λ

0.15

0.2

  

ρ

0.4

0.5

  1. Table 2 shows the optimized values of the parameters of the LMS and PLL algorithms (λ and ρ). The step-size parameters were defined by computer simulation, to reduce the system BER. In the experiments, the optimization of λ(LMS) was performed assuming that the phase is perfectly estimated, and the optimization of ρ(PLL) considered the amplitude perfectly estimated.