Table 1 Default simulation parameters

Slot duration

0.01 s

Packet arrival rate

λ = 0.02 packets/s/node

Number of nodes

n = 5000

Side of the grid in which the nodes move

7 km

Distance between junctions

200 m

Junction radius

R _T = 10 m

Maximum node speed

v_max = 10 m/s

Packet TTL

6 min

LOS exponent

α_LOS = 3

Non-LOS exponent

α_NLOS = 5

Propagation model reference distance

d₀ = 1 m

SINR threshold

γ _T = 10

Power control safety margin

I _f = 10

Thermal noise over transmitter power

$\frac{N}{P_{0\text{max}}}=1.25·10^{-9}$

Local routing threshold

C _T = 4·10⁴ m²

Simulation duration

1 h

Buffer size

B = 10⁴ packets

Reservation radius constant

K = 2.5

Maximum location error

E = 0 m