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Table 1 Five phases of the proposed frameworks

From: Practical decentralized high-performance coordinated beamforming for both downlink and uplink in time-division duplex systems

Phase

Downlink framework

Uplink framework

First

kth Cell site estimates H kl then H lk  = H kl ′, ∀l

kth Cell site estimates H kl , ∀l

Second

kth Cell site designs F k  = Fk,LFk,R

kth cell site designs G k  = Gk,LGk,R

Uses (3) to design Fk,L to satisfy (4)

Uses (6) to design Gk,R to satisfy (7)

Designs Fk,R using (5) (see Section 3)

Designs Gk,L using (8) (see Section 3)

Third

kth User estimates H kk F k or H kk Fk,L

kth User estimates Gk,RH kk

Fourth

kth User designs G k using (5) (see Section 3)

kth User designs F k using (8) (see Section 3)

Fifth

kth Cell site transmits data to kth user

kth User transmits data to kth cell site