Table 1 System parameters
From: Modeling, metrics, and optimal design for solar energy-powered base station system
Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
Carrier frequency/bandwidth | 2.0 GHz/10 MHz |
Path loss model | Table six in [39] |
Coverage radius of the BS | 200 m |
PA efficiency η PA | 2/3 |
Minimum downlink transmitted rate for users r min | 500 Kbps |
Mean service time of each user \(\mathbb {E}\left [ {t_{m}} \right ]\) | 108 s |
Traffic (active user) arrival rate λ m | 0.15 (m 2·h)−1 |
Signal processing power of each UE \({\tilde P^{sp}}\) | 0.1 W |
Static power consumption P sta | 60 W |
Maximum output power per unit area under STC \(P_{\text {pan}}^{\max \;*}\) | 100 W |
Energy conversion efficiency of PV panels η pan | 0.95 |
Charge efficiency η B | 0.95 |
Discharge efficiency η inv | 0.92 |
Maximum depth of discharge D max | 80% |
Number of non-availability days N ad | 3 |
Maximum tolerable service outage probability \(p_{\text {sop}}^{\max }\) | 0.01 |
Minimum solar energy utilization efficiency \(\gamma _{\text {seue}}^{\min }\) | 90% |
Optimum state range of battery bank \(\left [ {\gamma _{\text {mdod}}^{\min },\gamma _{\text {mdod}}^{\max }}\right ]\) | 0% to 10% |
Cost per unit in installation of PV panels C pan | 35 $/ m 2 |
Cost per unit in installation of battery bank C B | 0.4 $/Wh |
Maximum number of generations g max | 1,200 |
Population size L | 200 |
Crossover operation parameters k 1 ′ and k 2 ′ | 0.85, 0.6 |
Mutation operation parameters k 3 ′ and k 4 ′ | 0.1, 0.05 |
Parameter a w | 0.99 |