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Table 1 UWB-based WBAN path loss (including shadowing) models

From: Joint optimal relay location and power allocation for ultra-wideband-based wireless body area networks

Along-torso model

\({PL^{\text {dB}}_{0}(d)=L_{0}+10n_{0}\log _{10}\left (\frac {d}{d_{0}}\right)}\)

L 0 [dB]

44.6

n 0

3.1

d 0[m]

0.1

Around-torso model

\(PL^{\text {dB}}_{1}(d)=L_{1}+10n_{1}\log _{10}\left (\frac {d}{d_{1}}\right)+H_{0}\)

L 1 [dB]

48.4

n 1

5.9

d 1[m]

0.1

In-body model

\(PL^{\text {dB}}_{2}(d)=L_{2}+a(d/d_{2})^{n_{2}}+H_{1}\phantom {\dot {i}\!}\)

L 2 [dB]

10

a

0.987

n 2

0.85

d 2[m]

0.001

  1. L i is the path loss at the reference distance, for i=0,1,2. d i is the reference distance, for i=0,1,2. n i is the path loss exponent, for i=0,1,2. a is a fitting constant. H i is Gaussian distributed random variable, for i=0,1.