Table 1 Simulation parameters

Routing

Flooding

Source rate

variable pps

Packet size

256 bytes

Bandwidth

80 bps

Transmission range

2000 m

Duty cycle per node

0.15

Error rate

0.5 bps

Initial energy/node

10,000 W

Transmit per packet

50 W

Reception per packet

158 mW

Idle

158 mW

Sleep

5.8 mW

Data rate

160 bps

Underwater propagation model

Thorp Propagation Model