Table 1 Definitions of Symbols in the RSTO problem

Ω _B

The set of the BBU

Ω _OADM

The set of the OADMs

Ω _RRU

The set of the RRUs

Ω _TP

The set of the TPs

T

The number of OADMs in the network

M

The number of RRUs in the network

N

The number of TPs in the network

d _ij

The distance between node i and node j

P

The maximal transmit power of a RRU

ξ

The average normalized thermal noise in AOI

α

The path loss exponent

s ₀

The minimal SNR requirement for each TP

A

The location incidence vector, A = (a _m )_1 × M

B

The location incidence vector, B = (b _t )_1 × T

Q

A TP coverage incidence vector, Q = (q _n )_1 × N

Z

RRU-TP association matrix Z = (z _mn ) _M × N

E

BBU-OADM-RRU association matrix, E = (e _ij )_{(T + 1) × (M + T)}

D _MAX

The maximal distance of OMD-RRU that can be deployed in the network

H ^K

OADM _k  − BBU flow association matrix \( {H}^K={\left({h}_{ij}^k\right)}_{\left(1+T\right)\times \left(T+M\right)} \)

G ^K

BBU − OADM _k flow association matrix \( {G}^K={\left({g}_{ij}^k\right)}_{\left(1+T\right)\times \left(T+M\right)} \)