Table 3 Difference between M2M and H2H

Delay range

10 ms ∼several minutes [50]

250 ms (voice) to few seconds

(email for example)

Device composition

GSM/UMTS/LTE module,

GSM/UMTS/LTE/Wifi module

extension slots, USB, memory, CPU, etc.

GPS, Bluetooth, USB, memory, CPU,

flash storage, etc.

Packet loss radio

Relatively high [4]

Low

Mobility

Most of the M2M devices

Humans are very rarely considered

(90 % according to [90])

fixed in practical mobile networks

are stationary.

Support service

Mainly SMS or data reporting

SMS/voice/Web/multimedia, etc.

Session duration

Short but more or less frequent [91],

Long but less frequent

/frequency

depending on the applications:

monitoring, transport or others

Uplink

MTC traffic is mainly generated in uplink

Traditionally less traffic in uplink

but increase rapidly with the flourishing of interactive

applications such as social network

Downlink

Less traffic except for some application

Currently most traffic, for instance,

requiring interaction between sensors

Web browsing and multimedia

and MTC servers, for example

consumer electronics use case

Message size

Generally very short.

Typically big, especially for multimedia and

In some cases could increase,

real-time transmission

for example, if video sequences are uploaded

Number of devices

Hundreds or thousands of devices per base station

At most hundreds of UE,

typically tens of UEs per base station [15]

Battery life

Up to a few years,

Order of days or weeks,

requirement

especially for deployment locations

Human could easily recharge their device

with difficult access

Key metrics

Energy efficiency, latency

Delay, throughput, packet loss

for user experience