Table 4 The comparison among LPWAN solutions (All solutions are on ISM band, extracted from [92])

Range

15–45 flat;

10

4

50 rural;

Up to 8

5+

2+ urban

Up to 20

(km)

15–22 suburban;

(but claims 25 ×

10 urban

(Caveat)

3–8 urban

competition)

Band

Spread;

sub-GHz

2.4 GHz

868;902

868/915

Sub-GHz

Sub-GHz

434, 868, 2.4GHz

(MHz)

varies by region

470 (China)

Symmetric

Depends on mode.

No

No(4:1)

No

Yes

Uplink only

Not yet determined

up/down

Can be

Data rate

0.3–50 kbps

100 bps

8 bps–8 kpbs

100 bps

low

30–100 kbps

up to 100 kpbs

up to 500 kbps

(adaptive)

Max nodes

Depends;

Million/base

"10s of 1000s"

Millions/hub

150,000/server

32767 NWs,

255 network

(Caveat)

millions/hub

(moving to

65535 hubs each,

of 255 nodes

500,000)

16 M edge device

per NW

Operational

Public or private

Public or private

Public or private

Public

Public

Public or private

Public or private

model

(expect 80 % public)

Standard

LoRa: proprietary

Weightless-N

No

No

No

Yes

In process

status

LoRaWAN: yes

(perhaps in future)

(if any)