Timing and carrier synchronization in wireless communication systems: a survey and classification of research in the last 5 years

EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking

Table 4 Summary of synchronization research in single-carrier SISO communication systems

Article	Channel model	CSI Req.	CE	Blind/pilot	Est/Comp	TO/CFO	Bound	Comments
[57]	Freq. sel.	No	No	Blind	Both	Both	Yes	FDE
[58]	AWGN	N/A	N/A	Pilot	Est	Both	Yes	TS design
[59]	Freq. flat	Yes	No	Pilot	Est	Both	Yes
[30]	AWGN	N/A	N/A	Pilot	Both	CFO	No	Turbo coding
[31]	AWGN	N/A	N/A	Blind	Comp	CFO	N/A	Hardware implementation
[32]	AWGN	N/A	N/A	Blind	Comp	CFO	N/A
[33]	AWGN	N/A	N/A	Blind	Est	CFO	Yes
[34]	AWGN	N/A	N/A	Pilot	Est	CFO	Yes
[35]	AWGN	N/A	N/A	Blind	Est	CFO	Yes
[60]	Freq. sel.	No	No	Pilot	Est	Both	No
[36]	AWGN	N/A	N/A	Blind	Both	CFO	Yes	LDPC coding
[37]	Freq. sel.	Yes	No	Blind	Both	CFO	N/A	FDE
[38]	Freq. sel.	No	No	Pilot	Both	CFO	No	IQ imbalance
[51]	AWGN	N/A	N/A	Blind	Est	TO	No	CFO presence
[61]	Freq. flat	Yes	No	Pilot	Both	Both	No	PHN
[52]	AWGN	N/A	N/A	Blind	Both	TO	Yes	LDPC coding
[39]	Freq. sel.	No	Yes	Pilot	Both	CFO	No	PHN
[62]	AWGN	N/A	N/A	Pilot	Est	Both	Yes	TS design
[40]	Freq. sel.	Yes	Yes	Pilot	Both	CFO	No	FDE, IQ imbalance
[53]	AWGN	N/A	N/A	Blind	Both	TO	No	Turbo coding
[41]	AWGN	N/A	N/A	Pilot	Est	CFO	No
[63]	AWGN	N/A	N/A	Pilot	Both	Both	No
[64]	AWGN	N/A	N/A	Blind	Both	Both	Yes
[42]	AWGN	N/A	N/A	Blind	Both	CFO	No
[65]	AWGN	N/A	N/A	Blind	Comp	Both	No	Phase offset
[66]	Freq. sel.	No	No	Blind	Comp	Both	No
[43]	Freq. flat	No	Yes	Blind	Both	CFO	No
[44]	AWGN	N/A	N/A	Blind	Est.	CFO	No	Symbol rate est
[45]	AWGN	N/A	N/A	Blind	Est	CFO	No	Doppler-rate est
[46]	AWGN	N/A	N/A	Pilot	Comp	CFO	No	SNR est
[54]	Freq. sel.	Yes	No	Pilot	Comp	TO	No	FDE
[47]	AWGN	N/A	N/A	Pilot	Both	CFO	No	PHN
[48]	Freq. flat	No	Yes	Blind	Both	CFO	No
[49]	AWGN	N/A	N/A	Blind	Both	CFO	Yes
[55]	AWGN	N/A	N/A	Blind	Both	TO	No
[50]	AWGN	N/A	N/A	Pilot	Est	CFO	No
[67]	Freq. flat	Yes	No	Blind	Comp	Both	No	DoA estimation
[56]	AWGN	N/A	N/A	Blind	Est	CFO	Yes