Table 1 A comparison of short-range wireless communication technologies suitable for WBAN

Standard

802.15.6-2012 [2]

802.15.4-2015 [57]

Bluetooth SIG^b [58]

802.15.4-2015 [57] and 802.15.6-2012 [2]

Operating frequency

18.375–23.625 MHz

2.4–2.4835 GHz

2.4–2.485 GHz

<10.6 GHz with regulatory restrictions

Antenna/electrode size

1–2 cm (diameter)

3.1 cm (λ/4)

3.1 cm (λ/4)

5 cm × 5 cm (λ_3.1 GHz/2)

Range

<3 m

<200 m

<100 m

<20 m

Over the air data rate

1.3125 Mbps

250 kbps

1 Mbps

0.11–27 Mbps

Interference to/from other devices

Low

High

High

Low

Power consumption in transmit mode

N/A commercially^a

77.4 mW [59]

31.5 mW [60]

129 mW at 110 kbps [61]

Power consumption in receive mode

N/A commercially^a

55.5 mW [59]

39.0 mW [60]

228 mW at 110 kbps [61]

Modulation

Frequency selective digital transmission

Direct sequence spread spectrum

Gaussian frequency shift keying

Pulse position modulation and phase shift keying