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Table 1 Classification of channel models specified in IEEE 802.15.4a standard

From: Threshold selection method for UWB TOA estimation based on wavelet decomposition and kurtosis analysis

Channel models

Channel description

CM1

Residential environment with LOS communication (7–20 m)

CM2

Residential environment with NLOS communication (7–20 m)

CM3

Office environment with LOS communication (3–28 m)

CM4

Office environment with NLOS communication (3–28 m)

CM5

Outdoor environment with LOS communication (5–17 m)

CM6

Outdoor environment with NLOS communication (5–17 m)

CM7

Industrial environment with LOS communication (2–8 m)

CM8

Industrial environment with NLOS communication (2–8 m)

CM9

Open outdoor environment with NLOS communication (e.g., farm, snow-covered area)