Table 1 Simulation setup parameters and values for six-cell and three-cell layouts

Number of Tx antennas per macro BS, N_macro

2

2

Number of Tx antennas per pico BS, N_pico

2

2

Number of Rx antennas per user, M

2

2

Macro antenna pattern

Directional [37];

Directional [37];

(including 3-dB beamwidth θ_3dB)

θ_3dB=35°

θ_3dB=70°

Pico antenna pattern

Omnidirectional

Omnidirectional

Path loss exponent, α

3.91 (macro); 3.67 (pico) [32]

3.91 (macro); 3.67 (pico) [32]

Log-normal shadow fading standard deviation, σ _ρ

6 dB (macro); 4 dB (pico) [32]

6 dB (macro); 4 dB (pico) [32]

Inter-site distance, D

1732 m

1732 m

Distance from pico BS to macro site

693 m

–

Distance from pico BS to center of macrocell coverage area

–

356 m

Reference distance, R _m

866 m

1155 m

Macro SNR at distance of R _m along antenna boresight

9.6 dB

4.7 dB

Interference standard deviation, σ _I

13.8

21.3 (patterns a, c, and e);

26.3 (patterns b and d)

PF averaging window size, t _c

100

40

SAS parameters

Case #18 in [35]:

Case #18 in [35]:

B₁=B₂=50, \(\phi = {rand}(\sim \mathcal {U}(0,1))\)

B₁=B₂=50, \(\phi = {rand}(\sim \mathcal {U}(0,1))\)