Table 3 Performance for ELPSO and other PSOs
From: Ensemble learning particle swarm optimization for real-time UWB indoor localization
Functions | GPSO | LPSO | FIPS | HPSO-TVAC | CLPSO | OPSO | BBPSO | ELPSO | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
f 1 | Mean | 1.69 × 10−31 | 4.48 × 10−14 | 5.55 × 10−14 | 2.55 × 10−33 | 2.54 × 10−12 | 5.33 × 10−18 | 1.90 × 10−53 | 5.15 × 10−38 |
Std. Dev | 4.55 × 10−31 | 4.00 × 10−14 | 2.26 × 10−14 | 5.55 × 10−33 | 8.84 × 10−13 | 3.86 × 10−18 | 3.69 × 10−53 | 9.64 × 10−38 | |
Rank | 4 | 6 | 7 | 3 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 2 | |
f 2 | Mean | 1.30 × 10−21 | 1.97 × 10−10 | 1.48 × 10−8 | 8.44 × 10−20 | 3.59 × 10−8 | 1.76 × 10−10 | 1.52 × 10−29 | 7.44 × 10−22 |
Std. Dev | 1.83 × 10−21 | 9.85 × 10−11 | 4.04 × 10−9 | 8.21 × 10−20 | 9.21 × 10−9 | 1.52 × 10−10 | 2.24 × 10−29 | 5.49 × 10−22 | |
Rank | 3 | 6 | 7 | 4 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 2 | |
f 3 | Mean | 36.94197 | 22.39326 | 24.71584 | 19.28725 | 14.1712 | 41.60198 | 37.72958 | 1.83494 |
Std. Dev | 25.53545 | 10.8901 | 0.24099 | 4.70946 | 10.72737 | 28.6714 | 40.18926 | 6.57884 | |
Rank | 6 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 8 | 7 | 1 | |
f 4 | Mean | 0.00851 | 0.01911 | 0.00377 | 0.05747 | 0.00595 | 0.05798 | 0.0102 | 0.01484 |
Std. Dev | 0.00328 | 0.00481 | 8.57 × 10−4 | 0.02237 | 0.00153 | 0.02131 | 0.00349 | 0.00391 | |
Rank | 3 | 6 | 1 | 7 | 2 | 8 | 4 | 5 | |
f 5 | Mean | − 10,000.1 | −  9594.07 | − 9280.09 | − 10,931.9 | − 12,569.5 | − 10,336.8 | − 12,218.8 | − 12,569.5 |
Std. Dev | 479.961 | 376.9293 | 906.5758 | 374.6448 | 0 | 501.6225 | 185.7255 | 0 | |
Rank | 6 | 7 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 1 | |
f 6 | Mean | 29.72935 | 33.18402 | 38.25496 | 6.80555 | 7.61 × 10−5 | 6.08918 | 1.19395 | 0 |
Std. Dev | 8.41469 | 6.85435 | 8.58552 | 2.67412 | 7.16 × 10−5 | 2.28549 | 1.1124 | 0 | |
Rank | 6 | 7 | 8 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 1 | |
f 7 | Mean | 1.34 × 10−14 | 1.18 × 10−7 | 1.09 × 10−7 | 8.54 × 10−14 | 5.29 × 10−7 | 5.87 × 10−9 | 8.12 × 10−15 | 4.28 × 10−15 |
Std. Dev | 2.90 × 10−15 | 9.11 × 10−8 | 2.75 × 10−8 | 4.70 × 10−14 | 1.54 × 10−7 | 1.89 × 10−9 | 2.13 × 10−15 | 7.11 × 10−16 | |
Rank | 3 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 8 | 5 | 2 | 1 | |
f 8 | Mean | 0.00837 | 0.00227 | 2.19 × 10−6 | 0.00325 | 1.23 × 10−8 | 0.00118 | 0.00404 | 0 |
Std. Dev | 0.00996 | 0.00432 | 1.10 × 10−5 | 0.00419 | 1.86 × 10−8 | 0.00277 | 0.00721 | 0 | |
Rank | 8 | 5 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 1 | |
f 9 | Mean | 0.00415 | 1.74 × 10−15 | 3.70 × 10−16 | 1.77 × 10−29 | 1.03 × 10−13 | 1.27 × 10−19 | 1.61 × 10−32 | 1.57 × 10−32 |
Std. Dev | 0.02073 | 3.08 × 10−15 | 2.52 × 10−16 | 8.17 × 10−30 | 6.16 × 10−14 | 1.14 × 10−19 | 1.43 × 10−33 | 0 | |
Rank | 8 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 1 | |
f 10 | Mean | 0.00176 | 1.78 × 10−13 | 5.55 × 10−15 | 2.44 × 10−28 | 2.17 × 10−12 | 1.06 × 10−18 | 1.43 × 10−32 | 1.35 × 10−32 |
Std. Dev | 0.00411 | 2.55 × 10−13 | 2.42 × 10−15 | 1.08 × 10−28 | 1.11 × 10−12 | 6.37 × 10−19 | 3.94 × 10−33 | 2.47 × 10−34 | |
Rank | 8 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 1 | |
f 11 | Mean | − 8840.69 | − 9880.77 | − 7430.41 | − 8515.69 | − 9377.81 | − 9700.32 | −10,697.7 | − 10,597.2 |
Std. Dev | 1114.708 | 1240.53 | 1303.977 | 1818.807 | 870.6272 | 1423.02 | 1652.89 | 2096.313 | |
Rank | 6 | 3 | 8 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 2 | |
f 12 | Mean | 56.75235 | 49.65696 | 118.3976 | 32.59482 | 77.63228 | 73.04538 | 42.86277 | 56.53254 |
Std. Dev | 13.11957 | 11.62829 | 19.42732 | 9.56176 | 10.19121 | 19.79576 | 11.10137 | 14.19207 | |
Rank | 5 | 3 | 8 | 1 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 4 | |
f 13 | Mean | 1.72364 | 1.23822 | 1.34 × 10−7 | 5.71977 | 9.49 × 10−6 | 1.45 × 10−8 | 7.84 × 10−15 | 4.28 × 10−16 |
Std. Dev | 0.77477 | 0.66329 | 3.72 × 10−8 | 1.51541 | 2.58 × 10−5 | 6.46 × 10−9 | 1.62 × 10−15 | 7.11 × 10−16 | |
Rank | 7 | 6 | 4 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 | |
f 14 | Mean | 0.01496 | 0.00202 | 3.89 × 10−9 | 0.01201 | 2.98 × 10−5 | 0.00118 | 2.96 × 10−4 | 5.47 × 10−9 |
Std. Dev | 0.01319 | 0.00506 | 9.01 × 10−9 | 0.01348 | 3.32 × 10−5 | 0.00327 | 0.00148 | 1.60 × 10−8 | |
Rank | 8 | 6 | 2 | 7 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 1 | |
Average rank | 5.79 | 5.57 | 5.50 | 4.64 | 4.79 | 5.00 | 2.93 | 1.71 | |
Final rank | 8 | 7 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 1 | |