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Table 7 Correlation detection results for the cameraman picture

From: Periodic characteristics of the Josephus ring and its application in image scrambling

Correlation

Vertical

Horizontal

Diagonal

Samples

Plain image

0.9565

0.9334

0.9564

Scrambled image

0.2663

0.1844

0.2720

Directly CA-encrypted images

− 8.9832 × 10−4

− 0.0055

0.0036

Scrambled and encrypted images

2.4281 × 10−4

0.0027

0.0031