Fig. 7

Fresh product distribution, soft window, penalty cost function. When consumers buy fresh products, they tend to buy products with a longer shelf life, so the probability of fresh products being sold decreases with the length of the remaining shelf life at the end of the sale. And the rate of decline increases as the preservation period approaches. In mathematical functions, exponential functions have the characteristics described above. On the other hand, the penalty cost should be proportional to the total value of the delivery product. So we established the soft time window penalty cost function of fresh product distribution