From: Analysis of the influences of bracket and force system in different directions on the moment to force ratio by finite element method
M/F ratio
Buccal-lingual direction
Distal-mesial direction
With bracket
Without bracket
Uncontrolled tipping
0 ~ 5.6
0 ~ 6.8
0 ~ 4.2
0 ~ 4.9
Controlled tipping
6.2
7.3
5.2
5.8
Translational
10.6
11.5
9.6
10.2