Table 1 Simulation parameters

Room dimensions

8 m x 8 m x 5 m

Number of VLC AP_s

9

Radius of AP_s

1.5 m

Velocity of UE v

0.3–0.7 m/s

Movement time duration t

1–10 s

Pause time p_t

2–10 s

Direction d

0–2 π radians

Throughput for RF θ₂

1 Mbps

Throughput for VLC θ₁

10 Mbps

Packet arrival rate λ

0.1–1 packets/s

Packet departure rate of VLC μ_V

2 packets/s

Packet departure rate of RF μ_RF

1.1 packets/s

Downlink queue length of ith UE Li

20 packets

The maximum queue length of the uplink

and downlink

10 packets

Number of RF-UE accessing the uplink

1–10 UEs

Weighting factor η

1 packet

Dwell time t₀

1, 0.5 s

Simulation time

3600 s

Number of iterations

1000