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Table 1 Notations

From: An efficient anonymous batch authentication scheme based on priority and cooperation for VANETs

Symbol

Semantics

M

A VANET

V

A set of vehicles in M

v i

A vehicle in V

R

A roadside unit

SV

A message sender

NV

A message receiver

m mid

The message

b mid

The message body

t mid

The message expiration time

\(q_{t}^{i}\)

The queue of messages to be processed in vi at time t

w mid

The total time that a message mmid stays in qi

S mid

A signature

\(z^{i}_{t}\)

The number of messages that vi has authenticated at time t

E

A non-singular elliptic curve: y2=x3+ax+b mod p

p

A large prime number

q

A large prime number

G

An additive group of q order

P

The generator of G

F p

The finite field over p

H 1

A one-way hash function

H 2

A one-way hash function

H 3

A one-way hash function

s

The master key of the system

P pub

The public key of the system, Ppub=s×P

RID

A vehicle’s real identity

AID

A vehicle’s anonymous identity

PAD

The password matched with vehicle’s real identity

I

The signal strength

TH

The threshold that will trigger the cooperative authentication

CP

The amount that a RSU can afford for entire authentication

\(L_{RSU}^{t}\)

The set of id of messages waiting to be authenticated at

 

RSU at time t

e RID

The vehicle’s valuation of a single message

\(L_{RID}^{t}\)

The set of id of overlapped messages between \(L_{RSU}^{t}\) and

 

at time the messages authenticated by vRID.

b RID

The bid price of a single message that vRID asks for

α

The lowest bidding value that a bidder can win

r(bRID)

The ranking order of received bids

T p

The time for performing a bilinear pairing operation

T MP

The execution time of a scale multiplication point operation

T MTP

The execution time of a MapToPoint operation