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Table 6 The statistics of alive nodes of four algorithms in 300 × 300m2

From: A modified cluster-head selection algorithm in wireless sensor networks based on LEACH

Network lifetime

FND

HNA

LND

LEACH

210 s

350 s

480 s

LEACH-C

300 s

400 s

510 s

EE-LEACH

330 s

470 s

550 s

LEACH-M

400 s

510 s

590 s

Improvement ratio of LEACH-M

33%/21%

28%/9%

16%/7%