Fig. 3From: A bi-population QUasi-Affine TRansformation Evolution algorithm for global optimization and its application to dynamic deployment in wireless sensor networksInitial random deployment and final sensor positions based on each algorithm. The figure presents Initial random deployment and the final deployment of 100 sensor nodes in the monitored target area based on each competing algorithm (i.e., PSO-IW, DE, QUATRE/best/1, QUATRE/target-to-best/1, and BP-QUATRE). The black dots represent the final positions of the sensor nodes, and the circles represent the relative monitoring areas of the sensor nodes. The coverage rates obtained by PSO-IW, DE, QUATRE/best/1, QUATRE/target-to-best/1, and BP-QUATRE are 88.73%, 91.83%, 93.67%, 93.05%, and 93.89%, respectivelyBack to article page