Fig. 3From: Automated testing of NFV orchestrators against carrier-grade multi-PoP scenarios using emulation-based smoke testingEmulation platform architecture. A multi-PoP topology with five emulated, OpenStack-like NFVIs running on a single physical machine (bottom) and five Docker-based VNFs running on the emulated infrastructure (middle), all controlled by a real-world MANO system (top)Back to article page