Fig. 10

Packet loss rate based on number of vehicles. The packet loss rate values of TIHOO, F-ANT and AODV protocols for various numbers of vehicles. Loss of data packets was partly due to packet collision, link failure, insufficient bandwidth, overhead of buffer, and etc. In TIHOO, the fitness function of the CS algorithm is configured based on such parameters as route lifetime and its reliability. Employing these factors contributes to the selection of more stable with fewer cases of link failures which affects the packet losses as well. Moreover, accounting for the available buffer for selection of a less congested route is very effective. Less congestion is synonymous with fewer packet losses