Table 1 Quality and aggregation performance in the reference method [3] and the proposed approaches entitled IBDH-DCT (best results are shown in italicized form)

IBDH method in [3]

1 × 1

15503

48.6835

0.99868

1.0845

IBDH-DCT (proposed)

2 × 2

2950

49.8114

0.99986

1.013

4 × 4

11315

51.4128

0.99991

0.99835

8 × 8

24536

50.995

0.99944

1.0313

16 × 16

28909

50.6815

0.99677

1.0828

32 × 32

29596

50.5888

0.99432

1.1114

64 × 64

29800

50.5598

0.99311

1.1281

128 × 128

28270

50.5422

0.99355

1.1262

256 × 256

28584

50.5660

0.99357

1.1328