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Table 4 Comparative analysis of WGWO for packet delivery ratio parameter

From: Hybrid WGWO: whale grey wolf optimization-based novel energy-efficient clustering for EH-WSNs

Nodes vs. packet delivery ratio (%)

% Improvements of WGWO as compared with existing schemes

Number of nodes ↓

TBC

Partition-based LEACH

LCM

ETSSEP

WGWO

% Improvement of WGWO as compared with ETSSEP

% Improvement of WGWO as compared with LCM

% Improvement of WGWO as compared with partition-based LEACH

% Improvement of WGWO as compared with TBC

100

55

70

82.4

92

98

6.12

15.92

28.57

43.88

200

45

58

73.5

88

95

7.37

22.63

38.95

52.63

300

36.5

50

64.5

84

92

8.70

29.89

45.65

60.33

400

30

45

58.7

77

89

13.48

34.04

49.44

66.29

500

23

38

53

70

84

16.67

36.90

54.76

72.62

Average % improvements →

10.47

25.62

40.65

55.78