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Table 4 Numbers of complex-valued operations required for the ZF STBC decoder: new channel estimation for a user

From: Low computational complexity methods for decoding of STBC in the uplink of a massive MIMO system

Number of users (M)

8

16

24

32

Direct inverse

106565

350005

861392

1771797

Proposed update

68416

189920

364672

592672

Complexity reduction (updating)

36%

46%

58%

67%

Inverse approximation R = 3

45056

98304

159744

229376

Complexity reduction (approximation)

57%

71%

81%

87%