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EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking
Fig. 1 | EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking

Fig. 1

From: Real-time high-bandwidth mm-wave 5G NR signal transmission with analog radio-over-fiber fronthaul over multi-core fiber

Fig. 1

blueSPACE ARoF fronthaul architecture with optical beamforming in both DL and UL: a with DL OBFN at the RU, avoiding signal synchronization issues, but requiring \(N\)-core MCF DL, b with DL OBFN placed at the CO and symmetric \(M\)-core DL and UL MCF transport. CO: central office, ODN: optical distribution network, RU: remote unit, BBU: baseband unit, IQ: in-phase and quadrature, IF: intermediate frequency, RF: radio frequency, ARoF: analog radio-over-fiber, DL: downlink, UL: uplink, MCF: multi-core fiber, PD: photodiode, TIA: transimpedance amplifier, OBFN: optical beamforming network, PA: power amplifier, LNA: low-noise amplifier

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