Table 3 Comparisons of the security features among different protocols
From: Lightweight authentication protocol in edge-based smart grid environment
Related protocol | Smart meters | Service providers | Trusted authority | Total costs | Total costs (ms) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tsai et al. [22] | \(4T_{pm}+T_{exp}+5T_h\) | \(2TG_e+3T_{pm}+T_{exp}+5T_h\) | – | \(7T_{pm}+2T_{exp}+2TG_e+10T_h\) | 243.73 |
Zhang et al. [23] | \(T_{pm}+T_{ae}+T_d+T_h\) | \(T_{pm}+T_{ad}+3T_d+T_h\) | – | \(2T_{pm}+T_{ae}+T_{ad}+4T_d+2T_h\) | 110.77 |
Mahmood et al. [24] | \(4T_{pm}+4T_h+T_{pa}\) | – | \(T_{pm}+T_h\) | \(5T_{pm}+5T_h+T_{pa}\) | 101.48 |
Wang et al. [41] | \(TG_e+3T_{pm}+7T_h+T_d\) | \(TG_e+3T_{pm}+T_{exp}+7T_h+T_d\) | – | \(2TG_e+6T_{pm}+T_{exp}+14T_h+2T_d\) | 198.59 |
Ghosh et al. [42] | \(T_{pm}+2T_{exp}+TG_e+5T_h\) | \(3T_{pm}+T_{exp}+TG_e+4T_h\) | – | \(4T_{pm}+3T_{exp}+2TG_e+9T_h\) | 208.28 |
Ours | \(2T_{pm}+12T_h\) | \(2T_{pm}+8T_h\) | \(5T_h\) | \(4T_{pm}+25T_h\) | 81.67 |