Fig. 6From: Generative adversarial network-based rogue device identification using differential constellation trace figureThe pre-processed signal waveform of device 1–3. Some fragments of the preprocessed signal waveform extracted from three devices are depicted in these figures. The abscissa represents the sampling point, and the ordinate represents the normalized signal amplitude corresponding to each sampling point. The time interval between adjacent sampling points is \(10^{-7}\) sBack to article page