Table 1 Assessment of existing methodologies for healthcare using Blockchain

De Aguiar et al. [9]

This investigation targeted to address scientific perspective into the applications of the Blockchain healthcare domain knowledge. It sets out by illustrating the administration of healthcare data, as well as the internal distribution of records (text, images, videos, etc.)

Evaluated and presented detailed analysis of benefits and restrictions of the Blockchain related to the medical information

Administration (interchanging medical data at a marketplace) and assessment of medical information access log handling was not elaborated

Fekih et al. [10]

The presented research has acknowledged numerous use cases in the applied Blockchain technology, for example for allocation of EMR, for inaccessible patient nursing, and for medication supply chain

Highlighted research challenges and opportunities that is associated with implementation of domain specific (healthcare) Blockchain network

Limitations related to scalability, security, and privacy of Blockchain technology were not comprehensively addressed

Tariq et al. [11]

Presented a novel security framework for industrial IoT and used Blockchain technology as a participating factor to ensure ‘zero-trust security’

Applied a historical threat assessment model to evaluate the data breach ratio from integrated and optimized network devices

Authors did not compare and evaluate the alternative available technologies, such as consortium or hybrid Blockchain paradigm

Jennath et al. [12]

Researchers uncovered the likelihood of implementing reliable Artificial Intelligence methodologies over Blockchain, where a privacy-aware policy for data distribution was programmed

Traceability of source data that is required for constructing and exercising the AI ruleset was taken in an unchallengeable dispersed database

Presented method was not tested and applied to anonymized datasets. Furthermore, the scenario of patient’s agility and easiness of handling permissions were highlighted but not effectively expressed in implementation scenarios