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Table 3 Secure communication using angular directional modulation

From: Directional modulation techniques for secure wireless communication: a comprehensive survey

Paper

Description

Communications parameters

Information-theoretic measures

Cryptographic strength

Spatial angular DM

[22]

DM as block ciphers

PLR

[49]

Antenna subset modulation

SER

[50]

Antenna subset modulation

SER

Secrecy capacity

[51]

Low-complexity ASM

BER

Secrecy capacity

[52]

Eavesdropper attack on ASM

SER, SNR

[53]

Iterative FFT-based ASM

SER, beampatterns

[54]

Random ASM for vehicular networks

Secrecy throughput

[55]

Multi-antenna DM for vehicular networks

Secrecy rate

[56]

ASM as block encryption cipher

SER

PLR

[57]

Hamming distance maximization for ASM

PLR

[58]

Switched-antenna array for DM

BER, RMSE

[59]

Switched-phased array architecture

BER

Secrecy capacity

[60]

Silent antenna hopping

BER

Secrecy capacity

[61]

Linear sparse array based DM

SER, SLL

[62]

Convex optimization assisted LSA

BER, pattern beamwidth

[63]

Fourier network based circular array for DM

BER, power pattern

[64]

DM using retrodirective antenna array

BER, power pattern

[65]

Demonstration of 71 GHz directional PHY layer secure link

EVM, power measurements

[66]

Near-field direct antenna modulation

BER

[67]

Transmitter architecture demonstration of NFDAM

BER, data constellations

[68]

Multiple antenna array based positional modulation

BER, beam pattern

[69]

Metasurface based positional modulation

BER, beam pattern

[70]

Intelligent reflecting surfaces for multipath DM

Secrecy rate

Temporal angular DM

[78]

Time-modulated 4D array

BER, power patterns

[79]

Hybrid DM and beamforming for 4D arrays

BER

[80]

Time-modulation based vectors for 4D array

BER

[81]

Pulse sequence optimization for TMA

Fidelity rate, BER

[82]

Experimental assessment of time-modulated DM

Fidelity rate, BER

[83]

Time-modulated DM for OFDM transmitter

BER

[84]

Multi-carrier TMA

BER

Frequency angular DM

[85]

Random sub-carrier selection for DM

SINR

Secrecy rate

[86]

DFT-based multi-directional DM

Power pattern

Secrecy rate

Phase angular DM

[87]

Phased array based directional modulation

BER

[88]

Demonstration of phased array DM

BER, normalized pattern

[89]

Pattern-reconfigurable DM

BER

[90]

Dual-beam DM architecture

BER

[91]

Hybrid MIMO and phased array DM

BER

Secrecy capacity

[92]

Phased array transmitter using polygon construction

SER

Polarization angular DM

[93]

Polarization state based PLS

SER

[94]

Crossed-dipole array based DM

SER

[95]

Directional polarization modulation

SER

[96]

Angular DM using polarization sensitive array

SER

Secrecy capacity