Table 5 Secure communication using range-angular DM techniques
From: Directional modulation techniques for secure wireless communication: a comprehensive survey
Paper | Description | Communications parameters | Information-theoretic measures | Cryptographic strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Frequency range-angular DM | ||||
[97] | DM using frequency diverse array | SINR, probability of detection, BER | – | – |
[98] | Dot-shaped beampattern synthesis of FDA | Beampatterns | – | – |
[99] | WFRFT-aided multi-directional FDA | BER, robustness | Secrecy rate | – |
[100] | SVD-aided multi-directional FDA | BER | Secrecy rate | – |
[101] | FDA over Rayleigh fading channel | – | Secrecy capacity, secrecy outage probability | – |
[102] | Frequency diverse subarray for fixed region beamforming | – | Secrecy rate | – |
[103] | AN-aided FDA over Nakagami-m fading channel | – | Secrecy capacity | – |
[104] | Multi-beam FDA based DM | BER | – | – |
[105] | Multi-carrier FDA | BER | – | – |
[106] | FDA for OFDM transmitter | BER | – | – |
[107] | Genetic algorithm assisted beamforming for FDA | Peak-to-sidelobe ratio, MSE | – | – |
[108] | AN-aided random FDA | – | Secrecy capacity | – |
[109] | FDA using Butler matrix | BER | Secrecy capacity | – |
[110] | Frequency index modulation for FDA | Beampatterns | – | – |
[111] | Discular FDA | Beampatterns | – | – |
Temporal range-angular DM | ||||
[112] | Time-modulated FDA | BER | – | – |
[113] | Time-invariant time-modulated FDA | BER | – | – |
Spatial range-angular DM | ||||
[114] | Antenna index modulation for FDA | Beampatterns | – | – |
[115] | Quadrature spatial modulation based FDA | BER | Capacity analysis | – |
Polarization range-angular DM | ||||
[116] | Polarization sensitive beamforming for FDA | SINR, beampatterns | – | – |