Table 1 Summary of parameters and consideration in mobility management from LTE toward 5G-NR

User plane latency (RTT)

20 ms

1 ms

Control plane latency (idle-to-active time)

100 ms

10 ms

Handover execution time

40 ms

0 ms

Supported maximum coupling loss

140 dB

164 dB

Connection density

10⁵ connection/km²

10⁶ connection/km²

Mobility

350 km/h

500+ km/h

Traffic volume density

0.1 Tbps/km²

10+ Tbps/km²

Peak data rate

1 Gbps

10+ Gbps