Table 5 Performance evaluation of the proposed design against those of the previous literature
From: 5G millimeter wave wideband MIMO antenna arrays with high isolation
References | Number of ports | Type of substrate | Decoupling- method | Isolation improvement (dB) | Design -complexity | BW GHz | Size mm3 | DG | ECC | Gain (dBi) | Efficiency % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[9] | 8 | FR4 | DGS | − 12 | Easy | 3.2:4 | 150 × 75 × 1.6 | Not found | < 0.01 | 2.5 | 70 |
[10] | 4 | Rogers RT/Duroid5880 | – | − 12 | Easy | 28 | 41.3 × 46 × 0.508 | Not found | Not found | 13.1 | Not found |
[11] | FR4 | Decoupling structure | − 14 | Medium | 5.2:5.8 | 42 × 42 × 0.8 | Not found | Not found | 5 | 80 | |
[12] | 6 | FR4 | Metamaterial photonic bandgap | − 12 | Easy | 9.25:11 | 120 × 40 × 1.6 | Not found | Not found | 7.38 | 88% |
[13] | 4 | FR4 | Meta-surface | − 10 | Easy | 8.4:12.6 13.4:14.2 16.5:16.8 8.5:20.3 | 40 × 40 × 1.6 | Not found | < 0.15 | Not found | Not found |
[14] | 4 | Rogers R04350B | DGS | − 20 | Medium | 25.5:29.6 | 30 × 35 × 0.76 | > 9.96 | < 0.01 | 8.3 | 82 |
[15] | 8 | Rogers Duroid 5880 | – | − 20 | Medium | 27.5: 29.5 | 92.73 × 28.62 × 1.64 | Not found | Not found | 9.3 | Not found |
[16] | 4 | FR4 | Metamaterial | − 15 | Easy | 9.12:9.96 | 40 × 40 × 1.6 | Not found | Not found | 5.4 | Not found |
[17] | 2 | FR4 | Fractal load | − 13 | Easy | 8.7:17.1 22:26 29:34.2 | 70 × 37 × 1.6 | Not found | Not found | 9 | 93% |
[18] | 2 | FR4 | MTM-DS | − 15 | Easy | 9.95:10.63 | 40 × 20 × 1.6 | Not found | Not found | 5.4 | Not found |
[19] | 4 | FR4 | Metamaterial | − 17 | Easy | 8:9.25 | 120 × 90 × 1.6 | Not found | Not found | 7 | 88% |
[20] | 4 | RO4003 εr = 3.55 | Decoupling lines | − 20 | Medium | 24:40 | 13.75 × 13.7 × 0.787 | 10 | 0.15 | 5 | 85% |
Pro-posed design | 2 | FR4 | Decoupling surface on ground | − 30 | Easy | 27:40 Especially 28 and 38 GHz | 55.27 × 27.635 × 1.6 | 10 | < 1 × 10–4 | 10 | 95% |