Table 2 Parameter settings of QCRO algorithm

Population size (\(N\))

60

Maximum iteration number

500

Loss rate of kinetic energy (\(\Delta e\))

0.2

Reaction ratio of collision (\(\mu_{1}\))

0.55

Reaction ratio of synthesis (\(\mu_{2}\))

0.15

Reaction ratio of decomposition (\(\mu_{3}\))

0.3

Weight coefficient (\(c_{1}\))

0.1

Weight coefficient (\(c_{2}\))

0.1

Weight coefficient (\(c_{3}\))

0.03

Weight coefficient (\(c_{4}\))

0.03

Weight coefficient (\(c_{5}\))

0.03

Mutation probability (\(\kappa_{1}\))

0.5

Conversion probability (\(\kappa_{2}\))

0.1/L