Fig. 3

An RIS-enabled multi-access edge computing system [23]. At each time slot t, new offloading requests are generated by the UEs, which are handled by a dynamic queueing mechanism that accounts for communication and processing delays, and targets at jointly optimising communication and computation resources, while guaranteeing low-latency and high-accuracy requirements. \(\tau\) denotes the time slot duration and \(f_k(t)\) is the CPU frequency allocated by the edge server to UE\(_k\) with \(k \in \{1,2\}\). \(R_k(t)\) and \(R_k^d(t)\) stand for the uplink and downlink rates, respectively, while parameter \(J_k\) depends on the application offloaded by device k. \(Q_k^l\) denotes the local queue update, \(Q_k^c\) is the computation queue at the edge server, and \(Q_k^d\) is the downlink communication queue