Table 2 Comparison between designed antenna and literature
From: Design and development of multiband PIFA antenna for vehicular LTE/5G and V2X communication
Sr. No | Antenna size L × W × H (mm3) | Substrate | Resonant frequencies (G HZ) | Frequencies range (GHz) | S11 Parameter (db) | Mas gain (db) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[18] | 55 × 50 × 28 | FR4 | 1.9/3.6/5 | 0.617–6 | S11 < − 10 db | − 2.1 dBi@617 MHz, − l dBi @ 1.9 GHz, 0 dBi @3.6 GHz and 0.9 dBi @5 GHz |
[26] | 87 × 1.6 × 60 | FR4 | – | 0.69–0.96 1.7–2.7/(2.4/5)/DSRC (5.9) | S11 < − 10 db | Gain at 2.4 GHz varies from − 10 to 2.4 dBi Average gain @ 0.69 GHz − 1 dBi/0.96 GHz − 3 dBi/1.7 GHz − 2 dBi/2.7 GHz− 5 dBi Max gain at 5.9 GHz is 2 dBi to the front and − 0.5 dBi to the back |
[14] | 315 × 30 × 1.6 | FR4 | 2.5/3.5/5.6 | 2.38–2.92/3.16–4.10 | S11 < − 10 db | 3.8 dbi/3.2 dbi/5 dbi |
[27] | 40 × 33 × 0.8 | FR4 | 2.3/3.53/5.5 | 2.23–2.39/3.41–3.59/ | – | 1.61 dbi/3.39 dbi/1.78 dbi |
[28] | 65 × 38.5 × 0.8 | FK4 | 0.95/1.5/2.4 | – | – | 1.2 dbi/1.2 dbi/1.3 dbi |
[29] | 60 × 60 × 1.56 | FR4 | 2.6/4.2/4.6 | 2.31–2.89/ 4.15–4.27/ | − 10.28 | 4.4 dbi/3.9 dbi/3.8 dbi |
[30] | 50 × 40 × 1.6 | FR4 | 2.4/5/5.87 | 1.51–3.69/ 4.67–5.25/ 5.78–5.96 | − 22.3793 − 18.4588 − 24.8515 | 5.2 dbi/4.8 dbi/5 dbi |
Proposed antenna | 54 × 38 × 25 | FR4 | 1.19/2.18/3.5/4.9/5.5/5.9 | 1.15–1.2/1.58–6 | − 12.84/− 29.13 /− 15.93 | Max gain obtained 7.08 dbi at frq 5.5 GHz, Gain 6.78 dbi@3.8Ghz , 3.31 dbi@ 1.7 GHz, 6.81 dbi@5 2 GHz, 6.65 dbi@5.9 GHz |