Skip to main content
EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking
EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking Cover Image
Download PDF

Constructing Battery-Aware Virtual Backbones in Wireless Sensor Networks

EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking volume 2007, Article number: 040154 (2007) Cite this article

Abstract

A critical issue in battery-powered sensor networks is to construct energy efficient virtual backbones for network routing. Recent study in battery technology reveals that batteries tend to discharge more power than needed and reimburse the over-discharged power if they are recovered. In this paper we first provide a mathematical battery model suitable for implementation in sensor networks. We then introduce the concept of battery-aware connected dominating set (BACDS) and show that in general the minimum BACDS (MBACDS) can achieve longer lifetime than the previous backbone structures. Then we show that finding a MBACDS is NP-hard and give a distributed approximation algorithm to construct the BACDS. The resulting BACDS constructed by our algorithm is at mostopt size, where is the maximum node degree and opt is the size of an optimal BACDS. Simulation results show that the BACDS can save a significant amount of energy and achieve up to longer network lifetime than previous schemes.

[123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627]

References

  1. 1.

    Akyildiz IF, Su W, Sankarasubramaniam Y, Cayirci E: A survey on sensor networks. IEEE Communications Magazine 2002,40(8):102-114. 10.1109/MCOM.2002.1024422

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. 2.

    Ma C, Ma M, Yang Y: Data-centric energy efficient scheduling for densely deployed sensor networks. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC '04), June 2004, Paris, France 6: 3652-3656.

    Google Scholar 

  3. 3.

    Pottie GJ, Kaiser WJ: Wireless integrated network sensors. Communications of the ACM 2000,43(5):51-58. 10.1145/332833.332838

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. 4.

    Zhang Z, Ma M, Yang Y: Energy efficient multi-hop polling in clusters of two-layered heterogeneous sensor networks. Proceedings of the 19th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS '05), April 2005, Denver, Colo, USA 81b.

    Google Scholar 

  5. 5.

    Sohrabi K, Gao J, Ailawadhi V, Pottie GJ: Protocols for self-organization of a wireless sensor network. IEEE Personal Communications 2000,7(5):16-27. 10.1109/98.878532

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. 6.

    Tilak S, Abu-Ghazaleh NB, Heinzelman W: Infrastructure tradeoffs for sensor networks. Proceedings of the 1st ACM International Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications (WSNA '02), September 2002, Atlanta, Ga, USA 49-58.

    Google Scholar 

  7. 7.

    Butenko S, Cheng X, Du D-Z, Pardalos P: On the construction of virtual backbone for ad hoc wireless networks. In Cooperative Control: Models, Applications and Algorithms. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands; 2003:43-54.

    Google Scholar 

  8. 8.

    Haynes TW, Hedetniemi S, Slater P: Fundamentals of Domination in Graphs. Marcel Dekker, New York, NY, USA; 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  9. 9.

    Blum J, Ding M, Thaeler A, Cheng X: Connected dominating set in sensor networks and MANETs. In Handbook of Combinatorial Optimization. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands; 2004:329-369.

    Google Scholar 

  10. 10.

    Baker BS: Approximation algorithms for NP-complete problems on planar graphs. Journal of the ACM 1994,41(1):153-180. 10.1145/174644.174650

    MATH  Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  11. 11.

    Rappaport TS: Wireless Communications. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA; 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  12. 12.

    Clark BN, Colbourn CJ, Johnson DS: Unit disk graphs. Discrete Mathematics 1990,86(1–3):165-177.

    MATH  MathSciNet  Article  Google Scholar 

  13. 13.

    Alzoubi KM, Wan P-J, Frieder O: Distributed heuristics for connected dominating sets in wireless ad hoc networks. Journal of Communications and Networks 2002,4(1):22-29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. 14.

    Alzoubi KM, Wan P-J, Frieder O: Message-optimal connected dominating sets in mobile ad hoc networks. Proceedings of the 3rd ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (MobiHoc '02), June 2002, Lausanne, Switzerland 157-164.

    Google Scholar 

  15. 15.

    Wan P-J, Alzoubi KM, Frieder O: Distributed construction of connected dominating set in wireless ad hoc networks. Proceedings of the 21st Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM '02), June 2002, New York, NY, USA 3: 1597-1604.

    Google Scholar 

  16. 16.

    Ma C, Yang Y, Zhang Z: Constructing battery-aware virtual backbones in sensor networks. Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP '05), June 2005, Oslo, Norway 203-210.

    Google Scholar 

  17. 17.

    Yang Y, Ma C: Battery-aware routing in wireless ad hoc networks—part I: energy model. Proceedings of the 19th International Teletraffic Congress (ITC '05), September 2005, Beijing, China 293-302.

    Google Scholar 

  18. 18.

    Ma C, Yang Y: Battery-aware routing in wireless ad hoc networks—part II: battery-aware routing. Proceedings of the 19th International Teletraffic Congress (ITC '05), September 2005, Beijing, China 303-312.

    Google Scholar 

  19. 19.

    Rakhmatov D, Vrudhula S: Energy management for battery-powered embedded systems. ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems 2003,2(3):277-324. 10.1145/860176.860179

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. 20.

    Doyle M, Fuller TF, Newman J: Modeling of galvanostatic charge and discharge of the lithium/polymer/insertion cell. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 1993,140(6):1526-1533. 10.1149/1.2221597

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. 21.

    Chen B, Jamieson K, Balakrishnan H, Morris R: Span: an energy-efficient coordination algorithm for topology maintenance in ad hoc wireless networks. Proceedings of the 7th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MOBICOM '01), July 2001, Rome, Italy 85-96.

    Google Scholar 

  22. 22.

    Guha S, Khuller S: Approximation algorithms for connected dominating sets. Algorithmica 1998,20(4):374-387. 10.1007/PL00009201

    MATH  MathSciNet  Article  Google Scholar 

  23. 23.

    Ephremides A, Wieselthier JE, Baker DJ: A design concept for reliable mobile radio networks with frequency hopping signaling. Proceedings of the IEEE 1987,75(1):56-73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. 24.

    Raghunathan V, Schurgers C, Park S, Srivastava MB: Energy-aware wireless microsensor networks. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine 2002,19(2):40-50. 10.1109/79.985679

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. 25.

    Mainwaring A, Polastre J, Szewczyk R, Culler D, Anderson J: Wireless sensor networks for habitat monitoring. Proceedings of the 1st ACM International Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications (WSNA '02), September 2002, Atlanta, Ga, USA 88-97.

    Google Scholar 

  26. 26.

    Telos Sensor Mote http://www.moteiv.com/products/tmotesky.php.

  27. 27.

    Raz R, Safra S: A sub-constant error-probability low-degree test, and a sub-constant error-probability PCP characterization of NP. Proceedings of the 29th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing (STOC '97), May 1997, El Paso, Tex, USA 475-484.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA

    Chi Ma

  2. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA

    Yuanyuan Yang

  3. Department of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213-3891, USA

    Zhenghao Zhang

Authors
  1. Chi Ma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yuanyuan Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Zhenghao Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chi Ma.

Rights and permissions

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ma, C., Yang, Y. & Zhang, Z. Constructing Battery-Aware Virtual Backbones in Wireless Sensor Networks. J Wireless Com Network 2007, 040154 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1155/2007/40154

Download citation

Keywords

  • Information System
  • Sensor Network
  • Wireless Sensor Network
  • Approximation Algorithm
  • System Application