Skip to main content
EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking
Download PDF

HUMS: An Autonomous Moving Strategy for Mobile Sinks in Data-Gathering Sensor Networks

EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking volume 2007, Article number: 064574 (2007) Cite this article

Abstract

Sink mobility has attracted much research interest in recent years because it can improve network performance such as energy efficiency and throughput. An energy-unconscious moving strategy is potentially harmful to the balance of the energy consumption among sensor nodes so as to aggravate the hotspot problem of sensor networks. In this paper, we propose an autonomous moving strategy for the mobile sinks in data-gathering applications. In our solution, a mobile sink approaches the nodes with high residual energy to force them to forward data for other nodes and tries to avoid passing by the nodes with low energy. We performed simulation experiments to compare our solution with other three data-gathering schemes. The simulation results show that our strategy cannot only extend network lifetime notably but also provides scalability and topology adaptability.

[1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738]

References

  1. Akyildiz IF, Su W, Sankarasubramaniam Y, Cayirci E: Wireless sensor networks: a survey. Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking 2002,38(4):393-422.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Puccinelli D, Haenggi M: Wireless sensor networks: applications and challenges of ubiquitous sensing. IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine 2005,5(3):19-31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Haenggi M: Mobile sensor-actuator networks: opportunities and challenges. Proceedings of the 7th IEEE International Workshop on Cellular Neural Networks and Their Applications (CNNA '02), July 2002, Frankfurt, Germany 283-290.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Sohrabi K, Gao J, Ailawadhi V, Pottie GJ: Protocols for self-organization of a wireless sensor network. IEEE Personal Communications 2000,7(5):16-27. 10.1109/98.878532

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Boukerche A, Nikoletseas S: Protocols for data propagation in wireless sensor networks: a survey. In Wireless Communications Systems and Networks. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, Mass, USA; 2004:23-51.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  6. Al-Karaki JN, Kamal AE: Routing techniques in wireless sensor networks: a survey. IEEE Wireless Communications 2004,11(6):6-28. 10.1109/MWC.2004.1368893

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Niculescu D: Communication paradigms for sensor networks. IEEE Communications Magazine 2005,43(3):116-122.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  8. Shah RC, Roy S, Jain S, Brunette W: Data MULEs: modeling a three-tier architecture for sparse sensor networks. Proceedings of the 1st IEEE International Workshop on Sensor Network Protocols and Applications (SNPA '03), May 2003, Anchorage, Alaska, USA 30-41.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  9. Tong L, Zhao Q, Adireddy S: Sensor networks with mobile agents. Proceedings of IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM '03), October 2003, Boston, Mass, USA 1: 688-693.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Jain S, Shah RC, Borriello G, Brunette W, Roy S: Exploiting mobility for energy efficient data collection in sensor networks. Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE/ACM Workshop on Modeling and Optimization in Mobile, Ad Hoc and Wireless Networks (WiOpt '04), March 2004, Cambridge, UK

    Google Scholar 

  11. Juang P, Oki H, Wang Y, Martonosi M, Peh LS, Rubenstein D: Energy-efficient computing for wildlife tracking: design tradeoffs and early experiences with ZebraNet. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS '02), October 2002, San Jose, Calif, USA 96-107.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Ganeriwal S, Kansal A, Srivastava MB: Self aware actuation for fault repair in sensor networks. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA '04), April-May 2004, New Orleans, La, USA 5: 5244-5249.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Kansal A, Rahimi M, Estrin D, Kaiser WJ, Pottie GJ, Srivastava MB: Controlled mobility for sustainable wireless sensor networks. Proceedings of the 1st Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks (SECON '04), October 2004, Santa Clara, Calif, USA 1-6.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Gandham SR, Dawande M, Prakash R, Venkatesan S: Energy efficient schemes for wireless sensor networks with multiple mobile base stations. Proceedings of the IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM '03), December 2003, San Francisco, Calif, USA 1: 377-381.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Wang ZM, Basagni S, Melachrinoudis E, Petrioli C: Exploiting sink mobility for maximizing sensor networks lifetime. Proceedings of the 38th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS '05), January 2005, Big Island, Hawaii, USA 287.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  16. Somasundara AA, Kansal A, Jea DD, Estrin D, Srivastava MB: Controllably mobile infrastructure for low energy embedded networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 2006,5(8):958-973.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Kansal A, Somasundara AA, Jea DD, Srivastava MB, Estrin D: Intelligent fluid infrastructure for embedded networks. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and Services (MobiSys '04), June 2004, Boston, Mass, USA 111-124.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  18. Chakrabarty A, Sabharwal A, Aazhang B: Using predictable observer mobility for power efficient design of a sensor network. Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN '03), April 2003, Palo Alto, Calif, USA 129-145.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  19. Wang W, Srinivasan V, Chaing K-C: Using mobile relays to prolong the lifetime of wireless sensor networks. Proceedings of the 11th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom '05), August 2005, Cologne, Germany 270-283.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Liu B, Brass P, Dousse O, Nain P, Towsley D: Mobility improves coverage of sensor networks. Proceedings of the 6th ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (MobiHoc '05), May 2005, Urbana-Champaign, Ill, USA 300-308.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  21. Wang G, Cao G, La Porta T, Zhang W: Sensor relocation in mobile sensor networks. Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM '05), March 2005, Miami, Fla, USA 4: 2302-2312.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Chakrabarti A, Sabharwal A, Aazhang B: Communication power optimization in a sensor network with a path-constrained mobile observer. ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks 2006,2(3):297-324. 10.1145/1167935.1167936

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Gu Y, Bozdag D, Ekici E, Ozguner F, Lee C-G: Partitioning based mobile element scheduling in wireless sensor networks. Proceedings of the 2nd Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks (SECON '05), September 2005, Santa Clara, Calif, USA 386-395.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Somasundara AA, Ramamoorthy A, Srivastava MB: Mobile element scheduling for efficient data collection in wireless sensor networks with dynamic deadlines. Proceedings of the 25th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS '04), December 2004, Lisbon, Portugal 296-305.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  25. Luo J, Hubaux J-P: Joint mobility and routing for lifetime elongation in wireless sensor networks. Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM '05), March 2005, Miami, Fla, USA 3: 1735-1746.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Sikka P, Corke P, Valencia P, Crossman C, Swain D, Bishop-Hurley G: Wireless ad hoc sensor and actuator networks on the farm. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks, April 2006, Nashville, Tenn, USA 492-499.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Chen Y, Wang Z, Liang J: Optimal dynamic actuator location in distributed feedback control of a diffusion process. Proceedings of the 44th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control and European Control Conference (CDC-ECC '05), December 2005, Seville, Spain 5662-5667.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  28. Song Z, Chen Y, Liang J, Ucinski D: Optimal mobile sensor motion planning under nonholomonic constraints for parameter estimation of distributed parameter systems. Proceedings of the IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS '05), August 2005, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada 3163-3168.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Moore KL, Chen Y, Song Z: Diffusion-based path planning in mobile actuator-sensor networks (MAS-Net): some preliminary results. Proceedings of Intelligent Computing: Theory and Applications II, April 2004, Orlando, Fla, USA, Proceedings of SPIE 5421: 58-69.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Bogdanov A, Maneva E, Riesenfeld S: Power-aware base station positioning for sensor networks. Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM '04), March 2004, Hong Kong 1: 575-585.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Pan J, Cai L, Hou YT, Shi Y, Shen SX: Optimal base-station locations in two-tiered wireless sensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 2005,4(5):458-473.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Akkaya K, Younis M, Bangad M: Sink repositioning for enhanced performance in wireless sensor networks. Computer Networks 2005,49(4):512-534.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Vincze Z, Vass D, Vida R, Vidács A, Telcs A: Adaptive sink mobility in event-driven multi-hop wireless sensor networks. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Integrated Internet Ad Hoc and Sensor Networssks (InterSense '06), May 2006, Nice, France

    Google Scholar 

  34. Woo A, Tong T, Culler D: Taming the underlying challenges of reliable multihop routing in sensor networks. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys '03), November 2003, Los Angeles, Calif, USA 14-27.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  35. Heinzelman WB: Application-specific protocol architectures for wireless networks, Ph.D. thesis. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass, USA; 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  36. GloMoSim http://pcl.cs.ucla.edu/projects/glomosim/.

  37. Bi Y, Li N, Sun L: DAR: an energy-balanced data gathering scheme for wireless sensor networks. to appear in Computer Communications, special issue on Network Coverage and Routing Schemes for Wireless Sensor Networks.

  38. Stojmenovic I, Nayak A, Kuruvila J: Design guidelines for routing protocols in ad hoc and sensor networks with a realistic physical layer. IEEE Communications Magazine 2005,43(3):101-106. Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks Serie

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China

    Yanzhong Bi & Limin Sun

  2. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China

    Yanzhong Bi

  3. Nokia Research Center, Beijing, 100013, China

    Jian Ma & Canfeng Chen

  4. Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China

    Na Li & Imran Ali Khan

Authors
  1. Yanzhong Bi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Limin Sun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jian Ma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Na Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Imran Ali Khan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Canfeng Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yanzhong Bi.

Rights and permissions

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Bi, Y., Sun, L., Ma, J. et al. HUMS: An Autonomous Moving Strategy for Mobile Sinks in Data-Gathering Sensor Networks. J Wireless Com Network 2007, 064574 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1155/2007/64574

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2007/64574

Keywords